I was going to say the Fairbanks-Morse Train Master, largely credited for starting the HP race, but nawww...
I saw an HO scale model of this on friday night and I still think it's an awesome design. I can't help but think what it would be like if development continued into today. Modern AC traction motor design, advanced metallurgy, methane fueled.. likely violate every noise bylaw in the land though.
Reading Wiki it's rated 8500HP (6,300 kW) and it's suggested that it could have been 10,000+HP (7,500 kW) at lower altitudes if the electrics could handle it. Still holds the record for highest HP for a single power plant locomotive, (although in light of the recent postings of Russian locomotives) it's not clear if that's world-wide or north America.
Regardless, pretty respectable for something out of the late 1950's.